The 2020 Data Sources for the Drucker Institute's Company Rankings * Drucker Institute

	Data Source	What’s Measured	How It’s Measured

Customer Satisfaction	American Customer Satisfaction Index	Customer satisfaction for household products and services available to U.S. consumers.	>Surveys customers of companies randomly via email. >Respondents are asked questions about their purchase and use of specific products and services bought within specified, recent time periods. >Proprietary formula applied.
	CSRHub: Product Rating*	The integrity of a company’s products and sales practices, including its labeling and marketing, social impacts and end-of-life disposition.	Combines data from four socially responsible investment analysis (ESG) firms and hundreds of nongovernmental organizations, government agencies, news feeds, social networking groups and publishers.
	J.D. Power: Net Promoter Score	The willingness of a customer to recommend a company’s products or services to others, which is seen as a proxy for gauging the customer’s overall satisfaction.	Customers are asked about their experience based on one key loyalty question: How likely is it that you would recommend [Company X or Brand X] to a friend or colleague?
	J.D. Power: Customer Satisfaction Index	How satisfied a customer is with a company or one of its brands.	Determines the individual attributes that contribute to customer satisfaction (such as convenience, clarity of product information provided, etc.) and then computes “predicted overall satisfaction” based on a weighted sum of the attributes.
	wRatings: Quality Score	How well a company meets customer expectations.	Analyzes the gap between expected quality and perceived quality through surveys of customer and executive panels.
Employee Engagement and Development	CSRHub: Comp & Benefits Rating	>A company’s capacity to increase its workforce loyalty and productivity through rewarding, fair and equal compensation and financial benefits. >Includes benefits that engage employees and improve worker development >Also focuses on long-term employment growth and stability by promotion practices, lay-off practices and relations with retired employees.	Combines data from nine socially responsible investment analysis (ESG) firms, hundreds of nongovernmental organizations, government agencies, news feeds, social networking groups and publishers.
	Glassdoor: Culture & Values Rating, Career Opportunities Rating, Compensation & Benefits Rating	How well the organization’s employee-related practices align with several key Drucker principles.	>Information is submitted by employees of the company. >Minimum n=100
	Glassdoor engagement metrics: Overall Rating, Recommend Rating	Employee engagement with the organization.	See above
	Glassdoor confidence metrics: CEO Rating, Positive Business Outlook Rating	Confidence in the organization and its leadership.	See above
	PayScale: Pay Differential	The typical percent difference between what employees make at a given company and what they make in the broader market accounting for job title, skills, years of experience, location and several other factors that affect pay.	Analyzes compensation data submitted by employees of companies.
	PayScale: Job Satisfaction	Employee responses to the statement: “I am extremely satisfied working for my employer.”	Survey of employees. Computes the weighted average where 5 = strongly agree and 1 = strongly disagree.
Innovation	Burning Glass Technologies: Cutting-edge Job Postings (Relative)*	Hiring in 10 cutting-edge fields: Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, fintech, augmented and virtual reality, drone technology, blockchain, mobile payments, robotics, autonomous vehicles and 3-D printing.	Averages a company’s number of cutting-edge online job postings divided by the mean for its industry (with industries defined by the Global Industry Classification Standard) and the portion of a company’s total online job postings that are cutting-edge—again, calculated in relation to the industry mean.
	Burning Glass Technologies: R&D Job Postings (Relative)*	Hiring for research and development positions.	Averages a company’s number of R&D-related online job postings divided by the mean for its industry (with industries defined by the Global Industry Classification Standard) and the portion of a company’s total online job postings that are R&D-related—again, calculated in relation to the industry mean.
	Clarivate: Number of Inventions (Relative)	Publication of the first patent application.	Divides a company’s number of patent applications by the average for its industry (with industries defined by the Global Industry Classification Standard).
	Clarivate: Rate of Patent Abandonment (Relative)	Rate at which patent applications are abandoned, giving a sense of whether a company follows Drucker’s principle of no longer investing in products and services that have become obsolete.	Divides a company’s rate of abandonment by the average for its industry (with industries defined by the Global Industry Classification Standard).
	Clarivate: Trademark Applications (Relative)	Number of trademark applications filed annually.	Divides a company’s number of applications by the average for its industry (with industries defined by the Global Industry Classification Standard).
	Clarivate: Trademark Registers (Relative)	Annual count of different registers where trademarks have been filed, indicating new distribution channels.	Divides a company’s number of registers by the average for its industry (with industries defined by the Global Industry Classification Standard).
	Clarivate: R&D Expenditures (Relative)	Research and development expenditures.	Divides a company’s R&D expenditures by the average for its industry (with industries defined by the Global Industry Classification Standard).
	“Most Innovative” company listings	Innovation and technological accomplishment in products and processes.	As named by the American Innovation Index, Boston Consulting Group, Fast Company and Strategy&.
	Professor Dimitris Papanikolaou of Northwestern University and Professor Amit Seru of Stanford University: Patent Value (Relative)	Innovativeness of firms based on the market’s immediate valuation of their patents granted over the previous year.	>Through a process developed by the professors and their colleagues, stock market reaction to announcements of approved patent applications is isolated from other news. >Scores are divided by the average for a company’s industry (with industries defined by the Global Industry Classification Standard).
	Supply Chain Resource Cooperative: Innovation Rating	Metrics related to spend management, category management, strategic sourcing and supplier relationship management.	Through a process developed by North Carolina State University professor Robert Handfield, a review is conducted of publicly available information, as well as interviews and surveys of corporate procurement specialists.
	wRatings Innovation Index	Customer perceptions of companies’ performance in innovation.	>A composite of seven attributes as derived from customer feedback: usefulness, quality, simplicity, coolness, uniqueness, variety and competence. >The formula was developed by wRatings and Strategos, a strategy and innovation consulting firm.
Social Responsibility	CSRHub: Overall ESG Score (Absolute)	12 indicators of employee, environment, community and corporate governance performance.	Combines data from four socially responsible investment analysis (ESG) firms and hundreds of nongovernmental organizations, government agencies, news feeds, social networking groups and publishers.
	CSRHub: Overall ESG Score (Relative)	See above	Percentage rank of firm’s overall score relative to industry peers (with industries defined by the Global Industry Classification Standard).
	HIP Investor: Overall ESG Rating	A company’s impact in five areas: health, wealth, earth, equality and trust.	Analyzes public dislosures to rate and rank companies for future risk, return potential and net impact on society.
	“Shared Value” metric	Whether a company has put a social purpose at the core of its business strategy.	Averages standardized scores from two sources: HIP Investor’s Vision Rating and a formula developed for the Drucker Institute by Alice Korngold, which examines certain governance and transparency practices that are seen as indicators of a “shared value” orientation.
	Supply Chain Resource Cooperative: Social Responsibility Rating	Supply-chain policies, practices and results, including audits and lawsuits, with respect to human relations and the environment.	Through a process developed by North Carolina State University professor Robert Handfield, a review is conducted of publicly available information, as well as interviews and surveys of corporate procurement specialists.
	Sustainalytics: Management Score (Absolute)	Material ESG risk that can be influenced and managed through suitable policies, programs and initiatives.	Assessment of how successfully a company manages its most material ESG risks based on evaluations of its policies, programs, management systems and performance as determined through public filings, disclosures and news reports.
	Sustainalytics: Management Score (Relative)*	See above	Divides a company’s Management Score by the average of its industry (with industries defined by the Global Industry Classification Standard).
Financial Strength	ISS EVA: Economic Profit metric	>Economic Value Added. >EVA Spread. >EVA Margin. >EVA Momentum by Capital. >EVA Momentum by Sales.	>A company’s sales, less all operating costs, including taxes and depreciation, less a full weighted-average cost-of-capital interest charge on the net assets used in business operations. >A company’s return on invested capital minus its weighted average cost of capital. >Calculates for every dollar of sales, the economic profit generated for the company. >Change in EVA for one year and three years divided by the last year of invested capital. >Change in EVA for one year and three years divided by the last year of sales.
	Refinitiv Eikon: Accounting Profit metric	>Operating return on invested capital. >Return on assets. >Return on common equity. >Earnings for common shareholders.	>Percentage return that a company makes over its invested capital. >Calculated by dividing a company’s annual earnings by its total assets. >Calculated by dividing net income by shareholders’ equity. >Net income minus cost of preferred dividends.
	Refinitiv Eikon: Share of Market	The percentage of an industry or market’s total sales that is attributable to the particular company over a specified time period.	Calculated by taking the company’s sales over the period and dividing by the total sales of the industry over the same period (with industries defined by the Global Industry Classification Standard).
	Refinitiv Eikon: Three-Year Average Total Shareholder Return	Combines share price appreciation and dividends paid to show the total return to the shareholder.	Expressed as an annualized percentage.

* Refined for 2020